According to the BSA Guide to Advancement here is the procedure for earning merit badges.
The Scout develops an interest in a merit badge and may begin working on the requirements.
The Scout and unit leader discuss the Scout’s interest in the merit badge.
The unit leader signs a blue card and provides the Scout with at least one counselor contact. (For virtual merit badges: Scout will add merit badge in Scoutbook, the Scoutmaster will sign virtual blue card)
The Scout contacts the counselor. (For virtual merit badges: The Scoutmaster will connect the Scout and merit badge counselor in Scoutbook)
The counselor considers any work toward requirements completed prior to the initial discussion with the unit leader.
The Scout, the Scout’s buddy, and the counselor meet (often several times).
The Scout finishes the requirements.
The counselor approves completion.
The Scout returns the signed blue card to the unit leader, who signs the applicant record section of the blue card.
The unit leader gives the Scout the applicant record.
The unit reports completion of the merit badge.
The Scout receives the merit badge.
Add the Merit Badge in Scoutbook and have your Scoutmaster connect your counselor and sign the online Blue Card.
Obtain the Merit Badge Pamphlet (not mandatory but very helpful to have).
Prepare any documentation or project work pertinent to this merit badge which may also include a Merit Badge Workbook for reference with notes
Wear your Class B
Keep a positive Scouting focus and attitude
Please make sure to always include your parents/guardian when communicating with your counselor; whether it be via video conference, video chat, email, text, telephone call, or any other form not specifically listed here. This way we follow the Youth Protection Guidelines. Ensure a parent/guardian is present (within earshot) for each online class to monitor activities.